This chapter primarily focuses on the movement of people or passengers, and where relevant, issues of freight or information are referenced. Many transportation systems, especially urban mass transit, particularly in developing countries, are predominantly publicly owned and operated, but other systems (such as air and water-based transport) are more often privately owned; as are cars, vans, and trucks owned and operated by individuals. However, the ownership and management patterns for transportation systems vary by city and country and are an important factor in the design of institutional arrangements to formulate and implement mitigation and adaptation strategies. The ability to mitigate and adapt to climate change related scenarios depends on ownership. For instance, a publicly owned facility may have access to direct and indirect subsidies and large-scale public investments that are unavailable for private sector operators.
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