Logit and probit models explaining perceived cycling motives, barriers, and biking trip generation in Lahore, Pakistan

 By Izza Anwer, Houshmand Masoumi, Atif Bilal Aslamd, and Muhammad Asim

Cycling as an attractive mode of transport is a challenge, especially in developing countries like Pakistan. Previous research on cycling in developing countries is insufficient to answer that how people can be encouraged to bike in different regions and cultures. This research, therefore, directs two research questions based on the perceptions of the people of Lahore. The first research question addresses the perceived motives of every-day biking trip generation and the second question addresses the perceived barriers in biking in the city of Lahore. The data sample of 379 subjects was collected through self-reported questionnaire across different socioeconomic groups. The questionnaire was designed to discuss the motives for biking such as affordability, reliability, and accessibility as well as to identify the barriers such as cultural issues, gender problems and non-availability of infrastructure for biking. Along with descriptive statistics, Multinomial Logistic was used to analyze perceived motives, Binary Logistic for perceived barriers and Ordinal Probit for biking trip generation. The obtained results are very interesting and provide various insights about the perceptions of people regarding biking trip generation, motives, and barriers with various factors involved. The results are beneficial to urban developers, city planners, transport planners, policymakers and other stakeholders.

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More about urban issues in Pakistan:

The Neighborhood Effect on Keeping Non-Commuting Journeys within Compact and Sprawled Districts

Logistic models explaining the determinants of biking for commute and non-commute trips in Lahore, Pakistan

Urban travel characteristics in relation with jobs-housing balance and accessibility: results of a survey in Lahore, Pakistan

Cyclability in Lahore, Pakistan: Looking into Potential for Greener Urban Traveling

The Neighborhood Effect on Keeping Non-Commuting Journeys within Compact and Sprawled Districts

 by Melika Mehriar,

 Houshmand Masoumi, Atif Bilal Aslam, and Syed Mubasher Gillani

 

The neighborhood effect on keeping non-commuting trips inside neighborhoods has not yet been investigated in developing countries. The modeling of non-commuting trips inside neighborhoods helps understand how to avoid unnecessary journeys by car into different parts of the city. This paper, therefore, attempts to clarify (1) the similarities and differences in the socioeconomic characteristics and the perceptions of people in sprawled and compact neighborhoods, (2) correlations between, on the one hand, the choice of destinations of non-commuting trips for shopping and entertainment activities and, on the other, the socioeconomic features, travel behavior, and perceptions of residents in the two large Pakistani cities of Lahore and Rawalpindi, (3) the similarities and differences in the determinants of non-commuting destinations inside neighborhoods in compact and sprawled districts. The paper develops four Binary Logistic (BL) regression models, with two models for each type of neighborhood. The findings show that trips to shopping areas inside compact districts are correlated with a sense of belonging to the neighborhood, frequency of public transport use, residential location, and mode choice of non-commuting trips to destinations both inside and outside the neighborhood. On the other hand, the number of non-commuting trips, mode choice for non-commuting trips outside the neighborhood, frequency of public transport use, the attractiveness of shops, and monthly income (please see the Note) are significant determinants for trips to the shopping area in sprawled districts. Age, gender, possession of a driver’s license, income, number of non-commuting trips, mode choice for non-commuting trips outside of the neighborhood, car ownership, and attractiveness of shops in a neighborhood are correlated with trips to entertainment locations inside the neighborhood in compact districts. Finally, the attractiveness of shops, quality of social and recreational facilities, a sense of belonging to a neighborhood, choice of residential location, gender, age, possession of a driver’s license, number of cars in the household, and income are determinants of trips to entertainment locations in sprawled districts. A chi-square test confirms the differences across gender, daily activity, monthly income, frequency of public transport use, residential location choice, and the quality of social and recreational facilities for sprawled and compact districts in Pakistan.  

 

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Similar papers:

Logistic models explaining the determinants of biking for commute and non-commute trips in Lahore, Pakistan

Urban travel characteristics in relation with jobs-housing balance and accessibility: results of a survey in Lahore, Pakistan

Cyclability in Lahore, Pakistan: Looking into Potential for Greener Urban Traveling

Call for Papers: Special Issue: Theme: The Impact of COVID-19 on the transport and logistics management: Lessons learnt and future imperatives

 Call for Papers: Special Issue

Theme: The Impact of COVID-19 on the transport and logistics management: 

Lessons learnt and future imperatives.

This is an open invitation to contribute your latest research towards the special issue 

of the Journal of Transport and Supply Chain Management.

The special issue will publish articles on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on 

transport and logistics sectors. This is in line with the scope of the journal and is an 

important contribution to the body of knowledge documenting the impact of a 

pandemic on the  two sectors.

Online submissions deadline: 28 January 2022

Guest Editors:

• - Professor Noleen Pisa – Department of Transport and Supply Chain Management. 
• University of Johannesburg, South Africa
• - Professor Houshmand Masoumi – Center for Technology and Society. Technische
•  Universität Berlin, Germany /  Department of Transport and Supply Chain Management. 
• University of Johannesburg, South Africa
• - Dr Peter Kilbourn – Department of Transport and Supply Chain Management. 
• University of Johannesburg, South Africa

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The Relation Between Residential Self-Selection and Urban Mobility in Middle Eastern Cities: the Case of Alexandria, Egypt

By Houshmand Masoumi, 

Mohamed R. Ibrahim, & 

Atif Bilal Aslam 

The present paper attempts to fill a part of the gap in the studies on residential location choices and their relations to urban mobility, socio-economics, and the built environment by presenting the results of a study on Alexandria, Egypt, by analysing the results of a survey in eight neighbourhoods undertaken in 2015. Four questions were answered in this study: (i) “How are the main drivers behind residential location choices in Alexandria connected to various socio-demographic groups or people with different availability to urban and built environments?”, (ii) “How are the main residential self-selections in Alexandria associated with one another and which are the most important?”, (iii) “How are the housing location-related decisions of Egyptians similar to or different from international decisions?”, and (iv) “How can planners and decision-makers use the knowledge produced by this study for urban planning and housing in Egypt?”. Library work and the results of a Χ2 test of independence show that availability of transportation modes, nice neighbourhoods, and affordability are the strongest motives behind decisions. However, socio-economic factors are generally stronger than urban mobility and spatial issues. These findings are partly different from those of high-income countries.

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Read more about urban planning and transportation in the Middle East:

Polycentricity in a developing world: A micro-regional analysis for morphological polycentricity in Turkey

Urban Sprawl, Socioeconomic Features, and Travel Patterns in Middle East Countries: A Case Study in Iran

The Relationship between Regular Use of Ridesourcing and Frequency of Public Transport Use in the MENA Region (Tehran and Cairo)

The Association between Regular Use of Ridesourcing and Walking Mode Choice in Cairo and Tehran

Economic Impacts of Adopting a Sustainable Transport System in Beirut

Urban Transformations of the Mediterranean Cities in Light of Developments in the Modern Era

URBAN SPRAWL IN MID-SIZED CITIES OF MENA, EVIDENCE FROM YAZD AND KASHAN IN CENTRAL IRAN

Logistic models explaining the determinants of biking for commute and non-commute trips in Lahore, Pakistan

By Houshmand Masoumi, 

Muhammad Asim, 

Izza Anwer, and 

Sheikh Atif Bilal Aslam

The determinants of biking behavior are less studied in a wide range of developing countries including South Asia. This study takes Lahore, Pakistan as a case-study city to explore the factors defining commute and non-commute bike trips as well as commuting by bike. These issues were analyzed by collecting data from 379 subjects accommodating in three socio-economic statuses (lower, medium, and higher) in Lahore in spring 2018. The data were analyzed by applying multinomial logistic regression for investigating biking frequency and binomial logistic regression for examining commuting by bike. The results show that gender, age, education, income, purpose of the majority of trips, preferred distance to travel using cycle, preferred time to travel using cycle, and preferred bike trip purpose are significantly correlated with biking frequency. The significant determinants of bicycle commuting included categories of education, the purpose of the majority of trips, using bike in combination with other modes, preferred distance to bike, preferred biking time, and preferred bike trip purpose are associated with bicycle commuting. Commuting by bike is a more popular in socio-economically weaker neighborhoods. The discussion of this study shows that the determinants of biking in the sample in Lahore are different from those that have already been addressed by studies undertaken in high-income countries.

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More about bicycle planning:

Urban travel characteristics in relation with jobs-housing balance and accessibility: results of a survey in Lahore, Pakistan

Active Mobility: Bringing Together Transport Planning, Urban Planning, and Public Health

Cyclability in Lahore, Pakistan: Looking into Potential for Greener Urban Traveling

Urban Form and Mobility Choices: Informing about Sustainable Travel Alternatives, Carbon Emissions and Energy Use from Transportation in Swedish Neighbourhoods

Bicycling as a Way of Life: A Comparative Case Study of Bicycle Culture in Portland, OR and Amsterdam

Photos of bike lanes in Amsterdam, Netherlands (1)

Linking sustainability and happiness. What kind of happiness?

By František Petrovič and František Murgaš 

Sustainability is part of the scientific mainstream; in the following paper we connect it with the phenomenon of happiness, which is becoming a discussed concept not only among researchers but also amongst public. This is due to the fact that today’s society has become a consumer society. This knowledge has provoked criticism of the prevailing lifestyle. The unprecedented growth of prosperity in the second half of the last century and at the beginning of the 21st century was achieved at the cost of environmental devastation. This presented the urgent question of how to improve the quality of life or bring happiness to a growing number of people. At the same time, efforts to replace GDP as a general measure of development with quality of life began to grow. In connection with happiness, it is important that it is defined in two ways: hedonic or eudaimonic. The aim of the paper is to find out which form of happiness is sustainable on the basis of the analysis of relevant works. Happiness is understood as part of the subjective dimension of quality of life, it represents the highest level of well-being. The combination of sustainability and quality of life or happiness is not new, some authors consider quality of life as the fourth pillar of sustainability. 

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More about sustainability:

Urban travel characteristics in relation with jobs-housing balance and accessibility: results of a survey in Lahore, Pakistan

Monitoring Urban Sprawl and Sustainable Urban Development Using the Moran Index: A Case Study of Stellenbosch, South Africa

Urban Sustainability and Resilience: From Theory to Practice

DESIGNING THE HEALTHY NEIGHBORHOOD: DERIVING PRINCIPLES FROM THE EVIDENCE BASE

Measuring Neighborhood Quality of Life: Placed-Based Sustainability Indicators in Freiburg, Germany

Walking and Transit Use Behavior in Walkable Urban Neighborhoods

Children’s Travel to School and their Body Weight; Results of a Survey in Seven European Countries: Technical Report

Children’s Independent Mobility to School in Seven European Countries: A Multinomial Logit Model

 By Houshmand Masoumi, Martin van Rooijen, and Grzegorz Sierpiński

The determinants of children’s independent school mobility and the contextual discrepancies between these determinants have not been comprehensively investigated in previous studies. It is important to examine these determinants because independent school mobility is associated with children’s physical activity, according to the literature. This paper examined the associations of different groups of variables such as household, mobility, perceptions, and the built environment with independent school mobility of children between 9 and 12 years using a sample of 1304 girls (50.9%) and boys (49.1%) in seven European countries. The sample was analyzed by Multinomial Logistic Regression, Chi-square test of independence, and Proportional Reduction in Error methods. According to the findings, father’s and mother’s commute mode choice, child’s mode choice of commute to school, child’s bike ownership, parent’s perception of safety, parent’s evaluation of bike lane and sidewalk quality, child’s commute distance, number of driving licenses in the household, accessibility of public transport, and population density in the neighborhood and around the school proved to be very strong and significant determinants of children’s independent school mobility in the Europe-wide sample. The comparison of the levels of independent school mobility did not show any significant differences between high-income countries such as Germany, Italy, and the Netherlands, and emerging economies and developing countries like Poland, Greece, Turkey, and Croatia. However, a direct comparison between Poland (emerging economy) (33.6%) and the Netherlands (high-income) (31.7%) revealed significant differences in the level of independent school mobility. This study found the motives for this discrepancy due to the significant difference in bike ownership, the number of household members working outside the house, household size, commute distances of parents, and driving license possession.

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More about sustainable transportation

Urban Sprawl, Socioeconomic Features, and Travel Patterns in Middle East Countries: A Case Study in Iran

The Relationship between Regular Use of Ridesourcing and Frequency of Public Transport Use in the MENA Region (Tehran and Cairo)

Correlations of Urban Sprawl with Transport Patterns and Socioeconomics of University Students in Cracow, Poland

The Association between Regular Use of Ridesourcing and Walking Mode Choice in Cairo and Tehran

Urban travel characteristics in relation with jobs-housing balance and accessibility: results of a survey in Lahore, Pakistan

Polycentricity in a developing world: A micro-regional analysis for morphological polycentricity in Turkey

By N. Aydan Sat

Following the publication of ‘European Spatial Development Perspective’ in 1999, a large number of theoretical and empirical studies have been carried out on polycentric spatial development especially in European settlements. The relationship between polycentricity and economic competitiveness, environmental sustainability and social cohesion are some of the main concerns of these studies. This study aims to clarify ‘the meaning of polycentricity’ in the case of Turkey, as a developing country and analyse the relationship between polycentric spatial development and economic competitiveness, environmental sustainability and social cohesion. After calculation of morphological polycentricity of the regions at NUTS-5 level, the propositions on the positive effects of polycentric spatial development on economic competitiveness, environmental sustainability and social cohesion is tested by using Pearson correlation and OLS regression models. The results of the empirical study are mixed for these three subjects. Polycentric spatial development has not positive effects on economic competitiveness and social cohesion in Turkey case. Conversely, a positive effect exists in terms of environmental sustainability. 

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Read more about urban planning in Turkey:

Urban Travel Behavior in Large Cities of MENA Region: Survey Results of Cairo, Istanbul, and Tehran

TRADITIONAL SHOPPING: A Syntactic Comparison of Commercial Spaces in Iran and Turkey

Modeling street connectivity, pedestrian movement and land-use according to standard GIS street network representations: A Comparative Study

URBANIZATION TRENDS AND URBAN PLANNING STRATEGIES IN THREE MAJOR MIDDLE EASTERN COUNTRIES: IRAN, EGYPT, AND TURKEY

Urban Sprawl, Socioeconomic Features, and Travel Patterns in Middle East Countries: A Case Study in Iran

 By Melika Mehriar, Houshmand Masoumi, and Inmaculada Mohino

The present study aimed to investigate different socioeconomic factors as well as the perceptions and travel behaviors associated with urban sprawl in two cities of different sizes in Iran, as a developing country in the Middle East. Four Weighted Least Squares (WLS) regression models were developed for Hamedan and Nowshahr, as examples of large and small cities in Iran, respectively. The findings showed different correlations related to urban sprawl between Iranian cities and high-income countries in terms of socioeconomic and travel behavior determinants. Urban sprawl around home in Hamedan was positively correlated with the number of cars and driving licenses in households, the use of a private car for trips, and less use of public transport. Urban sprawl around homes in Nowshahr was related to an increased number of cars, the use of private cars for non-commuting trips, less sense of belonging to the neighborhood, and lower income. Additionally, urban sprawl around workplaces was correlated with main daily activity, number of non-commuting trips, mode of choice for non-commuting, and residential location choice in Hamedan a swell as monthly income, daily shopping area, frequency of public transport use, quality of recreational facilities, length of time for living in the current home, and commuting distance in Nowshahr.

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More about urban planning and transportation in the Middle East:

The Relationship between Regular Use of Ridesourcing and Frequency of Public Transport Use in the MENA Region (Tehran and Cairo)

The Association between Regular Use of Ridesourcing and Walking Mode Choice in Cairo and Tehran

Economic Impacts of Adopting a Sustainable Transport System in Beirut

Urban Travel Behavior in Large Cities of MENA Region: Survey Results of Cairo, Istanbul, and Tehran

Drivers of urban sprawl in two large Middle-eastern countries: literature on Iran and Egypt

URBANIZATION TRENDS AND URBAN PLANNING STRATEGIES IN THREE MAJOR MIDDLE EASTERN COUNTRIES: IRAN, EGYPT, AND TURKEYA REGIONAL ANALYSIS OF URBAN POPULATION AND TRANSPORT ENERGY CONSUMPTION

The Relationship between Regular Use of Ridesourcing and Frequency of Public Transport Use in the MENA Region (Tehran and Cairo)

By Hamid Mostofi, Houshmand Masoumi^, andHans-Liudger Dienel 

Despite the growing share of ridesourcing services in cities, there is limited research about their impacts on other transport mode choices in the large cities of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). There is a debate about whether ridesourcing affects the frequent use of sustainable modes like public transport. This study uses the results of a large-scale series of face-to-face interviews in Tehran and Cairo to study the relationship between the regular use of ridesourcing and the frequency of public transport use. Descriptive statistics and logit regression are used to analyze this association. The findings indicate contradictory correlations between the regular use of ridesourcing and the frequent use of public transport in Tehran and Cairo. The regular use of ridesourcing has a positive correlation with the probability of frequent public transport use in Cairo. In contrast, this correlation is negative in Tehran, which means that the regular ridesourcing users are less likely than the non-regular users to use frequently public transport. The reasons for these different correlations are studied in terms of socioeconomic variables, accessibility, and the citizens’ perception of public transport in both cities.

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More about urban transportation in the Middle East:

The Association between Regular Use of Ridesourcing and Walking Mode Choice in Cairo and Tehran

A LONGITUDINAL ANALYSIS OF DENSITIES WITHIN THE PEDESTRIAN SHEDS AROUND METRO STATIONS: THE CASE OF TEHRAN

A REGIONAL ANALYSIS OF URBAN POPULATION AND TRANSPORT ENERGY CONSUMPTION

Economic Impacts of Adopting a Sustainable Transport System in Beirut

Urban Travel Behavior in Large Cities of MENA Region: Survey Results of Cairo, Istanbul, and Tehran

Correlations of Urban Sprawl with Transport Patterns and Socioeconomics of University Students in Cracow, Poland

By Melika Mehriar, 

Houshmand Masoumi, and 

Katarzyna Nosal Hoy

Urban sprawl is considered as a western urban development pattern, which is common in different cities around the world. Although a large number of studies have focused on urban sprawl, modeling urban sprawl has been less emphasized, especially in various geographical contexts. The present study aimed to investigate urban sprawl and its determinants in a post-socialist country and model urban sprawl based on disaggregated data. In addition, the correlations of urban sprawl with travel patterns were examined, along with the socioeconomic characteristics of university students in Krakow, Poland by applying the Weighted Least Square (WLS) regression model. The WLS regression model was fitted based on the data from 1288 online questionnaires targeting university students. Also, urban sprawl around the home and the university for each student who indicated the nearest intersection to their home and university were separately estimated by employing Shannon entropy. Based on the findings, urban sprawl around homes was correlated with 14 transport patterns and socioeconomic features such as gender, age, driving license, financial dependency status, gross monthly income, number of commute trips, mode of transportation for commuting, number of trips for shopping or entertainment, daily shopping area, mode choice for shopping and entertainment trips inside and outside the neighborhoods, frequency of public transport use, attractiveness of shops inside the neighborhoods, and the length of time living in current home. Furthermore, urban sprawl around the university was significantly correlated with age, car ownership, number of commute trips, and sense of belonging to neighborhoods, entertainment place, and residential location choice. Finally, a positive correlation was reported between urban sprawl with higher income, elderly student, financial dependent students, and car dependency trips, while urban sprawl was negatively related to the use of public transit.

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Read more about urban sprawl:

Monitoring Urban Sprawl and Sustainable Urban Development Using the Moran Index: A Case Study of Stellenbosch, South Africa

Distribution and Determining of Urban Sprawl in Kerman with Emphasis on Kariz Water System

Is sprawl undermining food security?

Journey-to-Work Patterns in the Age of Sprawl: Evidence from Two Midsize Southern Metropolitan Areas

MONITORING URBAN SPRAWL AROUND BARCELONA’S METROPOLITAN AREA WITH THE AID OF SATELLITE IMAGERY

Documentary film: Sprawling from Grace: The Consequences of Suburbanization

Tackling Urban Sprawl: New Urbanism and Eco-Towns

URBAN SPRAWL IN IRANIAN CITIES AND ITS DIFFERENCES WITH THE WESTERN SPRAWL

Strategy for Sustainable Urban Development: A Case Study of Urmia City, Iran

The Association between Regular Use of Ridesourcing and Walking Mode Choice in Cairo and Tehran

By Hamid Mostofi, Houshmand Masoumi, and Hans-Liudger Dienel

The rapid adoption of ridesourcing poses challenges for researchers and policymakers in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), as it is an evolving new transport mode, and there is little research explaining its effects on mobility behaviors in this region. There is a concern that ridesourcing, which offers convenient and relatively cheap door to door services, encourages citizens to replace their sustainable travel modes, like walking, with car use. This effect has been studied relatively well in metropolises of the West, but less in the MENA agglomerations. This paper investigates whether regular use of ridesourcing impacts the walking mode choice in Cairo and Tehran. The analysis uses the results of 4926 face-to-face interviews in these two cities to compare the preference for using a vehicle instead of walking between regular users of ridesourcing and other motorized modes, including public bus, urban transit rails, private car, and traditional taxi. The findings indicate that in Cairo, the regular ridesourcing users are more likely than regular users of public transport to use a vehicle instead of walking inside their neighborhood. However, in both cities, ridesourcing users are less likely than regular private car users to replace walking by using vehicles.

Keywords: ridesourcing in the MENA region; walking mode choice; modal shift; the impact of ridesourcing on the nonmotorized mode

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More about urban planning and transportation in the Midde East:

Economic Impacts of Adopting a Sustainable Transport System in Beirut

Urban Travel Behavior in Large Cities of MENA Region: Survey Results of Cairo, Istanbul, and Tehran

Drivers of urban sprawl in two large Middle-eastern countries: literature on Iran and Egypt

A LONGITUDINAL ANALYSIS OF DENSITIES WITHIN THE PEDESTRIAN SHEDS AROUND METRO STATIONS: THE CASE OF TEHRAN

A REGIONAL ANALYSIS OF URBAN POPULATION AND TRANSPORT ENERGY CONSUMPTION

Sustainable Urban Growth Management Using What-If?

MESSAGE FROM TRADITIONAL SETTLEMENTS FOR FUTURE CITIES

Cairo’s Informal Areas Between Urban Challenges and Hidden Potentials

TRADITIONAL SHOPPING: A Syntactic Comparison of Commercial Spaces in Iran and Turkey